March 18, 2020

With every passing film Kiara proves that she is just a beautiful

With every passing film, Kiara proves that she is just a beautiful girl running around trees. Also, they recreated (ruined) melodious soundtracks, Chatur Naar, Aakhir Tumhe Aana Hai and Tu Cheez Badi Hai Mast to save the film but it was of no use. Why did Ransh kill Sarah? This is what Machine is all about. Machine gives her an official stamp too. The funniest thing is that they have shot a full length romantic song with a new face (character name- Aditya), who woos Kiara, dies and comes back as his twin brother Raj who saved Kiara when Ransh kills her. Perhaps this was the reason that they switched to comedy in their last outing Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon. Mustafa and Kiara Advani in a song from &Air compressor Factory039;Machine.' Rating: Directors: Abbas-MustanCast: Mustafa, Kiara Advani, Dalip Tahil, Ronit RoyIn 2017, what should one expect from a thriller film, beautiful locations, remixed music, lots of explicit content and no logic at all.


Machine is not a film, it is an epic fail in every possible manner.Mustafa has a decent toned body, fair dialogue deliveries, # bearable dance moves, but when the script is too bad then saving a film like Machine for a newcomer is a big task. What a twist in 2017! (spoiler)Well, Machine is not only horribly executed but also funnily narrated. Director duo Abbas-Mustan purely wanted to launch Mustafa in the bad world of filmdom as they tried too hard to do that but failed to create magic. We don't recommend you Machine even for a single watch this weekend, instead shell out money for Rajkummar Rao's stellar performance in Trapped. So what if this is his own home production? "Tumhare hoton ki lipstick zaroor kharab karunga par aankhon ka kajal nahin", (most cheesiest romantic line ever heard), this new boy has nailed it (sarcasm). 

Enter the theatre at your own risk. That's what directors Abbas-Mustan's Machine is all about. (gasp)!Their earlier films have redefined the thriller genre, be it Khiladi, Baazigar, Ajnabee, Humraaz or Race, but in the past few years, the genre has gone to the rats.. (laughs) Machine is a bit of Khiladi and a pinch of Baazigar. Slow motion entry on a bike, wooing bikini girls on the beach and cheesy romantic dialogues, they made Mustafa to do all this, but to no avail. The two get married and soon after Ransh kills Sarah (predictable interval point). So now they thought to launch their big golden ticket Mustafa on the big screen with a semi-known drop-dead gorgeous Kiara Advani. Dalip Tahil and Johnny Lever are just hanging in between somewhere, they come and go! Supporting star cast is awful to death. A good actor like Ronit Roy is so melodramatic that he will leave you in splits when he dies (spoiler).Ransh (Mustafa) incidentally meets Sarah (Kiara Advani) on the road and falls in love (that typical love at first sight in slow motion).We don't recommend you Machine even for a single watch, instead watch Rajkummar Rao's Trapped this weekend. Ransh impresses Sarah and proposes her for marriage

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February 26, 2020

So it has been a process of unlearning and relearning that way

Another challenge we faced was to get the artists to use natural silk again. Similarly, a few visitors thought they had come to the wrong gallery because these works look like paintings. They had got used to synthetic threads that wouldn’t break easily.The dying art of Chamba rumal got a breath of revival as the Delhi Crafts Council stepped in to bring back its glorious past as well as explore its contemporary themes.A rumal from Krishna seriesThe Chamba rumal is unlike the regular handkerchief. One of the artists left a piece half done. There were lot of overlapping images in the new drawings, which was a challenge for all of us. Keeping it traditional and yet making a shift, the council has also tied up with artist Swati Kalsi to conceptualise contemporary designs. The double satin stitch technique used is known as do-rukha and ensures exact duplication of the image on the opposite side of the cloth as well. But that is the beauty of Chamba rumal, it combines miniature painting with needlework," shares Anjana Somany, president of DCC. In miniature painting, a lot of focus is on line drawing. Another of these contemporary pieces got ruined twice and could only be made in the third attempt. 


So it has been a process of unlearning and relearning that way. Talking about the initial challenges in this journey, the ex-president of DCC, Purnima Rai recalls, "Initially it was very difficult to even document these works of art. It makes the painting come alive," says Anjana. While the art has been patented and there are schools for this style of embroidery in Chamba, the government has somehow overlooked the fact that this art is a joint venture between painting and embroidary. During weddings, rumals are exchanged between families of the bride and groom as a token of goodwill. Talking about the contemporary designs, Prixit says, "When the contemporary designs first came in and I showed the drawings to the embroiderers, they didn’t want to make it."An average rumal takes around a month to be embroidered. There is no focus on the drawing part and there is a dearth of artists who can draw.The exhibition, ‘Raas — Life to a Dying Art’, is on at India Habitat Centre till 8 April. But this was not always the case."The council’s efforts have provided employment to artists like Masto Devi who pursue this full time.Traditional designs depicting Radha-Krishna and GopisThe Chamba rumals are embroidered square cloths from Chamba in the state of Himachal Pradesh.From telling the tales of Radha-Krishna and chausar to depicting the current political scenario and modern weddings, the Chamba rumal has come a long way. It is a work of patience. It took a lot of work.

A scene from a game of chausarPahari miniature artists, usually men, drew outlines on fine handspun and hand woven unbleached muslin. So when you say rumal, a certain picture comes to mind. Unlike these days, photography was not readily available to everyone in the 90s.A scene from a forest"One of the important things that also makes this art unique is the various shades used in the work. It is for this combination of painting and embroidery that these works are also called ‘paintings in embroidery’. 

The drawing has to be very clear. But one has to be very patient with silk floss that can break easily. "We end up stereotyping things. There needs to be more focus on this," he adds. But in the end it is the same stitch, the same style of art. Traditionally, women used to embroider upon these compositions using untwisted coloured silk floss. But today the council has at least 15 shades in every colour."While the council could easily source muslin, sourcing silk floss in various shades was not that easy in the beginning. That was one of the biggest challenges we faced. Had it not been for the efforts of Delhi Crafts Council (DCC), the art of Chamba rumal would have been lost to cheap replicas and reduced to tourist keepsakes. 

They are used for covering platters, as gifts for auspicious occasions and for offerings to a deity.Pahari miniature artist, Prixit Sharma agrees, "The works that stand out are China water bottling machine Manufacturers the ones that give a 3D effect; that comes from the shades and the way one manipulates the stitches

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February 20, 2020

The MNS chief clarified that while he did not oppose the idea of the plastic ban

Meanwhile, these people will get money from plastic manufacturers,” he said. He should not worsen already disturbed relations. Instead, he should focus on governance.Replying to Mr Kadam’s taunt about him being afraid of his nephew, Aaditya Thackeray, since the ban was originally the latter’s idea, the MNS chief said, "Mr Kadam should not poke his nose into family matters.”. Mumbai: MNS chief Raj Thackeray on Tuesday alleged that the state-enforced plastic ban was a basically a campaign to raise election funds from affected plastic manufacturers. He also slammed environment minister Ramdas Kadam for making personal comments and asked him to be responsible for his work. 


I am saying that there is no need to pay the fine to the government for carrying plastic bags. So, to hide their failure, they are extracting huge sums from people. Everything will come back to normal like earlier.Mr Thackeray urged people not to pay the fine to the China plastic bottle machine Manufacturers authorities.50 lakh from offenders. "I am told by some people that this ban is basically to arrange election funds from plastic manufacturing companies. Authorities like the BMC and the state government have failed to do their work. BMC seized 972 kgs of banned plastic and a fine of Rs 10.Mr Thackeray was addressing a press conference in the city to clear his stand on the plastic ban.

The MNS chief clarified that while he did not oppose the idea of the plastic ban, there was so much confusion about exactly which items had been banned.He also slammed environment minister Ramdas Kadam for making personal comments and asked him to be responsible for his work. He said that the purpose of the plastic ban was dubious. People will forget about the ban after one month. He appealed to the people not to cough up the fine as authorities such as the BMC and the state government had failed to perform their duties. Why should people pay? Nobody carries `5,000 in his or her pocket,” he said. A few traders have been contacted regarding this

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February 10, 2020

While Mehndi is still looking for package free oils

Talking baby steps, Mehndi stopped buying packaged juices and also started using a bamboo toothbrush. "We didn&automatic blowing machine Suppliers39;t use any plastic decoration and made buntings from fabric and rented plants to decorate the place. "We segregate the dry waste and a BMC truck comes twice a week to collect it for recycling," says Mugdha as she drags out three big bags of dry wastes including plastic and footwears which she plans to give up for recycling.


 While Mehndi is still looking for package free oils, Mugdha is trying to convince her family and ends up with some or the other plastic waste. "I've seen people switching to only water for washing their hair, but it didn't work for me.At the end of the day, zero waste lifestyle is a journey and everyone is following a path best suited for him or her. But a few good Samaritans of the city # are making an effort to live a zero-waste lifestyle to help reduce the waste being produced at an individual level. "It's a big step in zero waste. Composting at home As the last week’s high tide washed ashore nine metric tonnes of trash along the Marine Drive, almost nine times the garbage collected from the iconic promenade every day, it brought back the focus on the amount of junk the city generates. Natural and package-less alternatives are difficult to find, especially in case of store-brought items. According to the 26-year-old, even small changes like using a fountain pen is much better than using plastic single-use pens or refills." She makes everything from cookies, bread to almond milk and cakes at home for her 7-year-old son.From using home remedies for washing hair to creating their own compost, these people are making conscious efforts to reduce waste production.All the waste we produce, whether it is an empty pack of chips or sanitary napkins, either ends up in the landfill or chokes life out of the ocean. If you don't make it at home, sourcing it from outside without packaging is a little difficult. She also replaced the number of bottles of shampoos and conditioners with homemade versions. 

When I was in Sydney doing my masters in Social Entrepreneurship, it got me thinking about a lot of my habits that were not environment friendly. I use home remedies and have also switched to natural alternatives for shampoo," says Marie who has not only made a natural shampoo out of reetha but also made her own toothpaste out of arrowroot powder and deodorant from apple cider vinegar. I found people who were into composting and were very conscious about what they use, throw out and how they use a product," says Mehndi about the initial phase of her journey.Reduce, recycle and reuse is the myntra for patrons living a zero waste lifestyle. I also teach him not to use plastic much. Since the party was organised on a terrace, we put up a small tent and a sand pit to entertain the kids," she recalls. "I stopped using cosmetics and now I clean my face with oil. Zero waste lifestyle is probably not an easy way to live your life, but in the day and age where most of our problem is based on overusing resources, it's probably the most ideal lifestyle. Her two-year-old son is also being instilled the values of a zero waste lifestyle as he takes a steel water bottle with a steel straw to his playschool.

 Looking to find more people from the city to discuss the problems and achievement of this lifestyle, she organised a few meetups in Bandra. To spread the message, she organised an eco friendly party for her son's second birthday. But years of using chemicals and commercially made products do make the switch to natural products challenging. It's not like he understands the reasons behind what we are doing but he's being brought up in this environment," Mugdha adds. Marie Jaiswal, a freelancer based in Chembur has adopted the reduced-waste lifestyle for the last one year. Steel water bottle and strawFor Mahim based Talent Advisor, Mehndi Shivdasani, the idea of this lifestyle came to her when she was studying about maintaining sustainability while running a business. "I involve him while composting and also show him what goes in it.. "

The meetup helped many of us discover interesting things, such as the possibility of recycling tetrapacks," she adds. Mugdha Joshi, a lactation consultant based in Bandra has set up two compost bins and has also removed dustbins from her house.With very basic changes, three Mumbai citizens have created a zero-wastage lifestyle. So now I use eggs or reetha to wash my hair," adds Marie. I started to think more about it and the measures that I can take to reduce trash

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January 15, 2020

The team was astonished by just how widespread the plastic contamination

Three city-based NGOs get together to overhaul the plastic disposal system in Mumbai. (Left to right) Tushar Warang, Dr Nilima Gajbhiye of the NSS Unit, Jayesh Harsora and student Disha Dhadve hand over a sapling to a donor. As Mumbaikars clock in the third week of the plastic ban in the city, two NGOs, Vasundhara Club and Angolichi Goli have come up with an effective solution to prevent the dumping of plastic bags into landfills. The NGOs collaborated with the National Service Scheme (NSS) unit of Ramnarain Ruia College in Matunga on Saturday to beat plastic pollution. A desk was put up at the college quadrangle, where students could deposit a minimum of five plastic bags in exchange for a sapling. The collected plastics will now be donated to the Mumbai based Nirbahaya Foundation who will then send it to the G. D. Environmental Pvt. Ltd. plant in Pune, from where, the plastic bags will be incinerated to produce high-speed diesel and biofuel.The idea behind this initiative is to promote a steadfast alternative to mitigate plastic pollution. Recycling plastic alone does not assure that plastic will not end up in the landfills and water bodies across the city and this initiative enables citizens to put their unused plastic to good use. "The reason we are not giving this plastic to the recycler is that only a certain kind of plastic is used by them and after segregation we are still left with heaps of plastic,” says Tushar Warang from the NGO Angolichi Goli."We want to bring forth alternatives for people to dispose their plastic. People still don’t know what to do with the unused plastic and we are here to fill that gap. We also have a track record of every single plastic bag we collect, as also the saplings distributed. We want to provide a valuable and long-lasting alternative,”says Tushar.Jayesh Harsora, the founder of Vasudhara Green Club, is an advocate for both the plastic ban and for spreading the importance of trees, 


We have only learnt to use plastic, but the second thing about plastic is its disposal which we have not learnt. We cannot dump plastics anywhere. The whole concept might be to beat plastic pollution, but I guess to manage plastic is more important. We have to develop a sustainable lifestyle. Just like when you cook food you have to think of all the members of the family. The purpose for giving these saplings is to connect with nature and to create a source of oxygen in a city like Mumbai.”The drive has managed to collect 400 plastic bags with the help of students from the college and has distributed 80 indoor and outdoor plant saplings to the donors.This collection of plastic bags will now be given to the Nirbhaya Foundation that has been championing the elimination of plastic in the city for the last 18 months. "We are a group of 150-200 ladies who started giving information about the plastic menace to people. But only awareness is not enough to convince people. 

When we recycle plastic it turns into a low-grade plastic. So when hot food is put inside recycled plastic containers, the nanoparticles in them dissolve and enter our bodies; which according to research, is the major cause of cancer and infertility. So why depend on others when we can take action ourselves? Other than plastic we also want to eliminate dry waste. So we send this plastic to make high-speed diesel, which can be used in cars, generators and where every diesel can be used. Our tagline ‘my plastic is my responsibility’ speaks for itself,” says Asmita Gokhale, founder of the Nirbhaya Foundation.

While this activity earlier took place at Goregaon’s Patkar college, these NGOs now plan to conduct various such drives at colleges, societies and slums across the city. "Wherever people are willing to eliminate plastics, we will be there,” concludes Tushar.m-18But they realised that during the course of expeditions dating back a decade they had accumulated dozens of specimens of a species of tiny shrimp that lives between 6000-11,000 metres (19,500-36,000 feet) beneath the surface.Cases of plastic ingestion have been reported among the deepest ocean animals. More than 300 million tonnes of plastics are produced annually, and there are at wholesale plastic blow moulding machine least five trillion plastic pieces floating in our oceans." Because plastic contamination is now so widespread, even at extreme depths, the team cautioned that it was nearly impossible to know what effect plastic ingestion was having on bottom dwelling species. (Photo: AFP) Philippines: Animals living in the deepest ocean trenches have been found with plastic fragments in their gut."These particles could just pass straight through the animal, but in the animals we looked at they must be blocking them.Because deep-sea exploration is expensive and time-consuming, most studies on plastic pollution up until now had been close to the surface, showing a widespread level of plastic contamination in fish, turtles, whales and sea birds. "It's off Japan, off New Zealand, off Peru, and each trench is phenomenally deep," Jamieson said. 

The equivalent would be for you to swallow a 2 metre polypropylene rope and expect that not to have an adverse affect on your health," said Jamieson. It's everywhere. Jamieson and his team normally spend their time looking for new species in the depths of the ocean. Now a British team of researchers say they have discovered cases of plastic ingestion among tiny shrimp in six of the world's deepest ocean trenches.In the Mariana Trench east of the Philippines, the deepest depression on Earth, 100 percent of the animals studied had plastic fibres in their digestive tracts. "We are sitting on the deepest dataset in the world, so if we find (plastics) in these, we are done," Jamieson told AFP. A new research showed how manmade pollution reaches into the bowels of the planet.

The team was astonished by just how widespread the plastic contamination at extreme depths proved to be. Microplastic particles are either dumped directly into the seas via sewers and rivers or form when larger chunks of plastic break down over time.He further added, "The salient point is that they are consistently found in animals all around the Pacific at extraordinary depths so let's not waste time. Yet plastic was found in both. "Half of me was expecting to find something but that is huge," said Alan Jamieson, from Newcastle University's School of Natural and Environmental Sciences. For instance, the Peru-Chile Trench in the southeast Pacific is around 15,000 kilometres (9,300 miles) from the Japan Trench.

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January 04, 2020

The chips for the machines are manufactured outside India

The chips for the machines are manufactured outside India. Indians were voting Monday in the fourth phase of a staggered national election. The machines’ software is designed, written and tested at two electronics companies owned by the government of India: Bharat Electronics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited.Each machine requires only a connection between a balloting unit and a control unit; there are no provisions to connect an electronic voting machine to a computer network, much less the internet – including wirelessly. When it’s her turn to vote, a polling official uses an electronic voting machine’s control unit to unlock its balloting unit, ready to accept her vote.


The balloting unit has a very simple user interface: a series of buttons with candidate names and symbols.I have been working on the security of electronic voting systems for more than 15 years, and, along with other colleagues, have been interested in understanding how a nation can tally that many votes cast over such a long period.An Indian election official displays a sample paper record of an electronic ballot during a demonstration of how the equipment works. Then the paper is dropped into a locked storage box.Indian voters line up outside a polling booth in Mumbai, India, Monday, April 29, 2019. (Photo:AP)How does it work?When a voter arrives at the polling place, she presents a photo ID and the poll officer checks that she is on the electoral roll. (Photo:AP) 

New Delhi: About 600 million Indian citizens are expected to cast their votes over a period of 39 days ending May 19, in the ongoing election for their country’s parliament.3 billion people registered to vote, the Indian national election is the world&48 Cavity-Preform Mould Factory39;s largest democratic exercise.After polling concludes, India’s electronic voting machines are sealed with a very old-fashioned technology. However, because no technology can be tamper-proof, each election outcome should be verified by a manual audit, to ensure that the results are correct, whatever they may be.Indian men stand in queue to cast their votes at a polling booth in Bardhaman east constituency, West Bengal state, India, Monday, April 29, 2019.) Opposition parties have asked the Supreme Court to order audits of half of all electronic voting machines, but that may not happen with this year’s election. (This means about 1 per cent or 2 per cent of each constituency’s machines will be tested. With 900 million of India's 1.After the election period is over and it’s time to tally the votes, the electronic voting machines are brought out, the seals opened and the vote counts for each control unit are read out from its display board. 

(Photo:AP)As I and others have observed, when the machines are being made, there are a number of opportunities for someone to physically tamper with an electronic voting machine in ways that preelection device testing might not detect. (Photo:AP)Security protections – and concernsThe Indian electronic voting machine primarily runs on specialized hardware and firmware, unlike the voting machines used in the U.The Election Commission has not made public any independent security evaluations, so it’s unclear exactly what is – or isn’t – possible., which are software-intensive. In particular, the simplicity of the design allows for simple attacks, such as intercepting and modifying the signal carried over the machine’s cable.A woman tests an electronic voting machine in India in advance of that country’s national elections.The whole system runs on a battery, so it does not need to be plugged in.Different areas of India vote on seven different days, over the course of a 39-day election period. To vote, the voter simply presses the button next to the candidate of her choice. Election workers hand-tally these individual machine totals to obtain the election results for each constituency.After each button press, a printer prints out the voter’s choice on paper and displays it to the voter for a few seconds, so the person may verify that the vote was recorded correctly.

About 600 million Indian citizens are expected to cast their votes over a period of 39 days ending May 19, in the ongoing election. The Election Commission # should certainly continue to improve testing and provide public reports of independent testing. The voting over seven phases ends May 19, with counting scheduled for May 23. (This article featured in 'Global Perspective- The Conversation'). In earlier versions of the machine, the chip manufacturer also wrote the machine code into the chip; today the electronics companies do it themselves. Now they’re used in elections throughout the country, which happen on different days in different areas. Testing can reveal only some problems, and the absence of problems during testing does not mean that problems do not exist.When it’s time for the polling place to close at the end of the voting day, each electronic voting machine device and paper-record storage box is sealed with wax and tape bearing the signatures of representatives of the various candidates in that election, and stored under armed guard.An elderly Indian citizen is assisted by a polling staff as she prepares to leave after voting at a polling center during the fourth phase of general elections in Mumbai, India, Monday, April 29, 2019.The Election Commission of India argues that any manipulation or error would be detected because the electronic voting machine is tested frequently and candidate representatives have opportunities to participate in mock elections immediately before a machine is used in a real election. The Election Commission of India has repeatedly claimed that the electronic voting machines are tamper-proof. India uses a domestically designed and manufactured electronic voting machine – as many as 4 million of them at 1 million polling places, at least some in extremely remote locations.

This design does offer some protections against possible tampering with how votes are recorded and tallied.While the electronic voting machine system is useful and functional, officials and observers shouldn’t assume there’s no way to tamper with the results.In each constituency, five electronic voting machines will have their results audited by comparing a manual count of the printouts with the electronic tallies. A 2013 Supreme Court directive asked the Election Commission to create that process to protect the integrity of the balloting process. It is intended for the single purpose of voting and specially designed for that, rather than relying on a standard operating system like Windows, which needs to be regularly updated to patch detected security vulnerabilities. India uses a domestically designed and manufactured electronic voting machine – as many as 4 million of them at 1 million polling places.The first version of the Indian electronic voting machine debuted in the state election in Kerala in 1982.At any time during manufacture, testing and maintenance, it may be possible to introduce counterfeit chips or swap out other components that could let hackers alter the results. However, it is possible to make changes that will not be detected.Auditing the machines’ resultsThere is, however, a mechanism for detecting attacks – that printed-out paper bearing the vote and stored securely with the electronic equipment. Parties that lose elections often suspect malfeasance and question the equipment. There are roughly 900 million eligible voters, and the country has typically seen about two-thirds of them turn out to polling places.S. However, a scholarly study has demonstrated there are ways to rig the machinesThe chips for the machines are manufactured outside India. Indians were voting Monday in the fourth phase of a staggered national election. 

The machines’ software is designed, written and tested at two electronics companies owned by the government of India: Bharat Electronics Limited and Electronics Corporation of India Limited.Each machine requires only a connection between a balloting unit and a control unit; there are no provisions to connect an electronic voting machine to a computer network, much less the internet – including wirelessly. When it’s her turn to vote, a polling official uses an electronic voting machine’s control unit to unlock its balloting unit, ready to accept her vote.The balloting unit has a very simple user interface: a series of buttons with candidate names and symbols.I have been working on the security of electronic voting systems for more than 15 years, and, along with other colleagues, have been interested in understanding how a nation can tally that many votes cast over such a long period.An Indian election official displays a sample paper record of an electronic ballot during a demonstration of how the equipment works. Then the paper is dropped into a locked storage box.Indian voters line up outside a polling booth in Mumbai, India, Monday, April 29, 2019. (Photo:AP)How does it work?When a voter arrives at the polling place, she presents a photo ID and the poll officer checks that she is on the electoral roll. (Photo:AP) New Delhi: About 600 million Indian citizens are expected to cast their votes over a period of 39 days ending May 19, in the ongoing election for their country’s parliament.3 billion people registered to vote, the Indian national election is the world&48 Cavity-Preform Mould Factory39;s largest democratic exercise.After polling concludes, India’s electronic voting machines are sealed with a very old-fashioned technology. However, because no technology can be tamper-proof, each election outcome should be verified by a manual audit, to ensure that the results are correct, whatever they may be.Indian men stand in queue to cast their votes at a polling booth in Bardhaman east constituency, West Bengal state, India, Monday, April 29, 2019.) Opposition parties have asked the Supreme Court to order audits of half of all electronic voting machines, but that may not happen with this year’s election. (This means about 1 per cent or 2 per cent of each constituency’s machines will be tested. With 900 million of India's 1.After the election period is over and it’s time to tally the votes, the electronic voting machines are brought out, the seals opened and the vote counts for each control unit are read out from its display board. (Photo:AP)As I and others have observed, when the machines are being made, there are a number of opportunities for someone to physically tamper with an electronic voting machine in ways that preelection device testing might not detect. 

Security protections – and concernsThe Indian electronic voting machine primarily runs on specialized hardware and firmware, unlike the voting machines used in the U.The Election Commission has not made public any independent security evaluations, so it’s unclear exactly what is – or isn’t – possible., which are software-intensive. In particular, the simplicity of the design allows for simple attacks, such as intercepting and modifying the signal carried over the machine’s cable.A woman tests an electronic voting machine in India in advance of that country’s national elections.The whole system runs on a battery, so it does not need to be plugged in.Different areas of India vote on seven different days, over the course of a 39-day election period. To vote, the voter simply presses the button next to the candidate of her choice. Election workers hand-tally these individual machine totals to obtain the election results for each constituency.After each button press, a printer prints out the voter’s choice on paper and displays it to the voter for a few seconds, so the person may verify that the vote was recorded correctly.About 600 million Indian citizens are expected to cast their votes over a period of 39 days ending May 19, in the ongoing election. The Election Commission # should certainly continue to improve testing and provide public reports of independent testing. The voting over seven phases ends May 19, with counting scheduled for May 23. (This article featured in 'Global Perspective- The Conversation'). In earlier versions of the machine, the chip manufacturer also wrote the machine code into the chip; today the electronics companies do it themselves. Now they’re used in elections throughout the country, which happen on different days in different areas. Testing can reveal only some problems, and the absence of problems during testing does not mean that problems do not exist.When it’s time for the polling place to close at the end of the voting day, each electronic voting machine device and paper-record storage box is sealed with wax and tape bearing the signatures of representatives of the various candidates in that election, and stored under armed guard.An elderly Indian citizen is assisted by a polling staff as she prepares to leave after voting at a polling center during the fourth phase of general elections in Mumbai, India, Monday, April 29, 2019.

The Election Commission of India argues that any manipulation or error would be detected because the electronic voting machine is tested frequently and candidate representatives have opportunities to participate in mock elections immediately before a machine is used in a real election. The Election Commission of India has repeatedly claimed that the electronic voting machines are tamper-proof. India uses a domestically designed and manufactured electronic voting machine – as many as 4 million of them at 1 million polling places, at least some in extremely remote locations.This design does offer some protections against possible tampering with how votes are recorded and tallied.While the electronic voting machine system is useful and functional, officials and observers shouldn’t assume there’s no way to tamper with the results.In each constituency, five electronic voting machines will have their results audited by comparing a manual count of the printouts with the electronic tallies. A 2013 Supreme Court directive asked the Election Commission to create that process to protect the integrity of the balloting process. It is intended for the single purpose of voting and specially designed for that, rather than relying on a standard operating system like Windows, which needs to be regularly updated to patch detected security vulnerabilities. India uses a domestically designed and manufactured electronic voting machine – as many as 4 million of them at 1 million polling places.The first version of the Indian electronic voting machine debuted in the state election in Kerala in 1982.At any time during manufacture, testing and maintenance, it may be possible to introduce counterfeit chips or swap out other components that could let hackers alter the results. However, it is possible to make changes that will not be detected.Auditing the machines’ resultsThere is, however, a mechanism for detecting attacks – that printed-out paper bearing the vote and stored securely with the electronic equipment. Parties that lose elections often suspect malfeasance and question the equipment. There are roughly 900 million eligible voters, and the country has typically seen about two-thirds of them turn out to polling places.S. However, a scholarly study has demonstrated there are ways to rig the machines

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